The first factor is thermal management. As electronics operate, they generate heat. Without proper airflow or heat dissipation structures, devices can overheat, leading to performance drops or hardware failure. Materials and ventilation layouts must be carefully engineered. Second, ergonomics and user experience play a major role. A smart device must not only work well but also feel intuitive and comfortable. Whether it's a wearable or a home automation gadget, the way users interact with the device should be simple and smooth.